I think this title can be misleading, be sure to read the article closely. From the article, what when they say "error correction," all they mean learning a new task while under the influence of aspirin is lower.

Which to me seems obvious given that it's a social-pain reliever. Frankly, a psychology experimentee has no motivation to "score well" other than pride, so any drug that reduces the sensation of shame would make an experimentee try less hard.