If you have a very good faraday cage / RF test chamber (such as a third party certification lab that does paperwork for FCC compliance has) you can test GPS jammers and their resultant effects on your gear...
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ISTM a "good Faraday cage" would disable GPS with or without the presence of a GPS jammer.
yes, what I meant is it's only legal to operate an actual GPS jammer (a transmitter that shits noise on the 1.4 to 1.6 GHz band spectrum) inside a faraday cage, and test how your equipment responds to that (perhaps while simultaneously operating a GPS simulator RF source in the same faraday cage), because you definitely do not want your jammer signal to escape from the cage and interfere with nearby unrelated third parties' equipment. The cage in this case being to keep your experiment contained inside, not to block outside signals from getting in.
I only took a year of physics, but in my experience a Faraday cage that blocks electromagnetic signals in one direction also blocks them in the other direction. GPS functions by receiving signals from several satellites at once.
Yes a Faraday cage blocks both directions. What walrus is saying I think is that if you are a good citizen, you should do any radiating GPS jammer testing inside a Faraday cage. Doing it outside a cage is probably illegal and could create a public safety hazard (911 on cell phones for example).
You could have a test setup bringing GPS inside the cage with coax+circulator or radiate a GPS constellation simulator inside to test the jammer.