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It would be more appropriate to title this the "Euro-Centric History of Science" or simply "History of European Science". There were serious and productive investigations into this matter long before Europeans got science.
If any one is interested in ancient Mesopotamian astronomical tables the name you want is Otto Neugebauer. His book Astronomical Cuneiform Texts is pretty much the authoritative resource and it's fairly fascinating.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_E._Neugebauer

Thank you for the reference, Avshalom. Found a good biographical memoir online: http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/m...