someone correct me if I'm mistaken, but for the particle the time goes so fast that it sees the 215,000 years that we see the photon take to gain a 1 centimeter lead go by in a flash
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Yeah, basically. If you were to hitch a ride on this particle, those 215,000 years would go in a flash (basically, how much time it takes light to travel a centimeter). Wherever your final destination was, you would have aged a few fractions of a second but you just traveled nearly 215,000 light years.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GguAN1_JouQ
When Time Breaks Down | Space Time | PBS Digital Studios
At about 4:30 is when they talk about light speed, but you should watch before then to understand what is going on.