I'd be really interested in seeing examples of the most dynamic websites can get with HTML only. Penalties for using CSS but that's fine, too. Does anyone have pointers?
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In theory... not interactive at all. HTML is supposed to be structure only. There are a few exceptions (blink and marquee tags), so this page pretty much shows the extent.
(If you allow CSS, you can do pretty much anything JavaScript can do.)
Fun fact: neither the <marquee> element or the <blink> element have ever been part of any HTML specification.
It's in HTML5 (described as obsolete, but defined)
Yes. I was waiting for someone to bring that up. It's there for the sole purpose of marking it obsolete as a warning so browsers can eventually remove it. No, you won't find a definition for that element anywhere with WHATWG though the W3C has one.
I was actually surprised how detailed the WHATWG specification is for something that's been "not recommended" for ages, but I guess they document everything that's still implemented: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/rendering.html#the-ma...
(I believe <blink> support has actually been dropped by at least some browsers)
HTML + CSS is Turing complete so depending on your definition of interactive, pretty much anything
Turing completeness means you can't compute stuff, it does not take user interaction into account.
I don't see any definition of "interactive" that would convince someone that lambda calculus is interactive, despite it being Turing complete.