As for "adaptive sampling" - by definition, if some paths are being discarded without analysis, then there's no guarantee that your selection is truly the best available.
I'm tentatively labeling this as "hype and marketing" unless I see something more detailed and accurate.
[0] https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/computing/software/new-o...
[1] https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/ericbalkanski/files/the-ad...
If this is true, then it's not an "optimization algorithm" at all.
> This algorithm therefore achieves an exponential speedup in parallel running time for submodular maximization at the expense of an arbitrarily small loss in approximation quality.
Based on this, it seems that this isn't so much a better search algorithm as much as it is a means of finding the optimum tradeoff between accuracy and speed in situations where processing the entire dataset is computationally prohibitive.
I'm no computer scientist, and algorithms in generally aren't really my area, so take this with a large grain of salt.
I'm fairly sure the relevant one is https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.06355.pdf (listed as 'under submission' at https://people.seas.harvard.edu/~yaron/papers.html , in line with the article's description)
"An Exponential Speedup in Parallel Running Time for Submodular Maximization without Loss in Approximation"