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Yeah, don't get me wrong, I haven't used SQL alchemy and I'm not trying to besmirch it. I'm not even sure we disagree.

What I'm trying to challenge is the philosophy that an ORM is an adequate facade in place of learning how databases work. My point about views is that in my experience, the answer to disgusting queries is cleaning up the DB design (and views can be the tool to accomplish this). My point about case-insensitive searching (you can create a case-insensitive index if you want) is that a lot of db-performance stuff just can't be solved on the query side alone anyways.

It sounds like SqlAlchemy is designed with a lot of flexibility around how queries are run, so maybe you agree that understanding what's going on beneath the hood is important to handle these complicated cases.

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> What I'm trying to challenge is the philosophy that an ORM is an adequate facade in place of learning how databases work.

Thank you for this response and I agree, we are likely on the same page. I don't know that anyone actually espouses that philosophy. This is the anxiety that ORM skeptics have, and certainly you get beginners who rush into using ORMs not knowing what they are doing, but if someone wants to be a DB expert, I'm pretty sure they go to read about databases :) These ORM beginners will fail either with the ORM or without out. I guess the idea is you'd prefer they "fail fast", e.g. the ORM covers for them while they proceed to screw up more deeply? This is arguable; if you've seen much of the non-ORM raw DB code I've seen, it too fails pretty hard. But even with this argument, if ORMs produce the problem of incompetents who are not found out fast enough, why hoist the denial of useful tools to those developers who do know what they're doing.