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I'm more excited about the possibility of a high quality desktop OS rather than the kernel. The Linux kernel is great but a great open-source desktop OS doesn't exist today.

Specifically, this product doesn't exist today:

- Desktop environment that matches or surpasses Mac OS in quality, performance and UX design.

- It includes seamless synchronization between devices.

- Apps are sandboxed, similarly to Android or iOS.

- There is a clearly defined platform / SDK, like in Android or iOS. If it works in your development environment, it's guaranteed to work everywhere.

- You can easily make a commercial product, like in Android or iOS.

- It has 10% on the market (or software creators believe it's on the trajectory to get there).

I don't understand why Google hasn't done this yet. Of course, the answer could be that such project just doesn't have the required ROI.

Do you mean Chrome OS?

Google is a web company; they want people to use the web. They made a laptop/desktop operating system built around their web browser, because they want everything to be on the web. It does most of the things you list, including synchronizing between devices since your data is all "in the Cloud".

As for market share, I'm not sure what power you think Google has, but getting 10% of the desktop OS market has got to be pretty difficult for anyone. I do not know what share of the market Chrome OS has.

Hear hear. It seems to me that any such effort either has to be built on the Linux kernel (forgoing much of the horrid userland) or rely on a something like Fuchsia that's backed by a large corporate entity becoming so widely used as to have significant driver buy-in from hardware manufacturers.

Unfortunately, I don't believe that relying on a for-profit third party entity like Google is a good idea due to the conflict of interest, even if their OS is FOSS. Just look at what Google has done throwing its weight around as the big-man in browsers, even though the browser engine is FOSS.

Incidentally, this might be of interest to you:

https://github.com/probonopd/hello

Not much there yet, but I believe Probonopd's intent is to gather a community of people like ourselves.

> Desktop environment that matches or surpasses Mac OS in quality, performance and UX design.

I've got Plasma setup to take advantage of a decade of Mac muscle memory, and think it does "macOS" better than macOS itself.

> Apps are sandboxed, similarly to Android or iOS

Install firejail, and its wrapper scripts. The wrapper will automatically wrap common commands and apps in a sandbox, and you can use the firejail CLI to launch apps that it doesn't wrap.

I agree with your other points, however I lament that BSD-style licensing will prevent a lot of cool things from having their sources see the light of day or be upstreamed.

>I don't understand why Google hasn't done this yet.

If Google or some similar company were to make a desktop OS, it would probably be packed with so many monetization "features" that the free software community wouldn't be very interested and may even see it as a threat. Chrome OS already demonstrated most of this pattern.

The elementary project has done some great work with their UI, but the limitations of a decentralized funding model mean that it just isn't as complete as the major OSes. Meanwhile the jousting between Red Hat and Canonical over control of the GNOME ecosystem alienates a lot of users. Meanwhile corporate control of Qt has limited KDE's popularity. In all three cases the organizational problems associated with developing a truly freedom-preserving OS in a profit-oriented world crop up in different ways. Google taking over doesn't sound like a solution to me.

Some kind of alliance between free software developers and hardware manufacturers has long been dreamt about but hasn't materialized over the last two decades. All too often, Linux OEMs attach a half-baked homegrown distribution and their hardware tries to rely on it. We've also hoped that democratic countries will decide that a free and open-source operating system would be good for national security and fund development. In practice, interest has mostly come from Russia and China, with user freedom off the priority list.

Google isn't a deity. They don't exist to serve humanity but rather their investors. The organization problem continues to be difficult.

I don't know if you've tried Plasma but it's an excellent DE that hits your "seamless synchronization" and "better UX than MacOS" requirements.

Sandboxed apps are a no-go on a productive desktop. Have you tried using Snaps? They're sandboxed by default, and it's extremely annoying having barriers in the way sharing data between them. Sandboxing is the sworn enemy of composition. It's like keeping all the interior doors of your house locked.

Clearly defined platform / guaranteed to work: Linux-the-kernel provides a binary-compatible ABI. This is entirely sufficient, if you bundle everything including libc. If you don't want to do that, well glibc is backwards-compatible so you can just build against some reasonably old version of glibc and it'll work on any recent distro. This isn't some obscure method - lots of software is binary-distributed this way (Firefox, Blender).

Easily make a commercial product: well, I'm currently using Pointwise and Mathematica on Linux, so it doesn't appear to be that hard.

KDE does most of what you're talking about. Qt is a stable, established SDK, KDE Connect offers seamless integration, Plasma has a very good UX, and so on. Only thing missing is market share and a flagship distro.
If something works in your Android dev environment, it is absolutely not guaranteed to work everywhere, or work the same everywhere. Differences exist between vendors, and every between different models by the same vendor.
You just described UWP apps on Windows 10.

Developers flat out rejected it because of the smartphone-like sandboxing.

You just described ChromeOS.
About the MacOs thing I couldn't disagree more, I'm forced to work with a Macbook at my current job and it's the dread of my existence, I even wrote an article about such pain points: https://ivanca.tumblr.com/post/615979862803562496/15-flaws-o...
I think the missing golden keystone w/in the "UX design" category is the physical touchpad quality and its driver. The mac touchpad that is so accurate, responsive/sensitive, jitter-free/steady, and effortless that I've yet to come across the like in Windows or *.nix land. I would more than love to be proved wrong in this thread!
> Desktop environment that matches or surpasses Mac OS in quality, performance and UX design.

Is there any evidence google can pull this off or wants to? I’d think they would want you in a browser.

Sandboxing in Linux is developing with both Snaps and Flatpaks.

Linux really does miss an SDK though. Realistically if you target Ubuntu you'll reach the majority of Linux users but the community of power users (ugh, hate that phrase but can't think of a better one) and developers is scattered any number of desktops and Linux varients.

Hold on, you want all this...for free? People really haven't learned anything.
> There is a clearly defined platform / SDK, like in Android or iOS. If it works in your development environment, it's guaranteed to work everywhere.

Are iOS/Android SDKs good examples of stable platforms? They are just as much a moving target as anything else and the only thing certain about them is that they _will_ require maintenance.

> I don't understand why Google hasn't done this yet

What would be the financial incentive?

Question. Would you pay a monthly fee to use such an OS? If so then there might be ROI to it.
I really doubt Google has any interest in building a "great open-source desktop OS". Everything they've done with Android suggests they'll throw releases over the wall, but keep any interesting or useful bits proprietary & closely tied to Google cloud services.
Has Google ever created any non-web product that it supported for more than a token amount of time, that it continued to re-iterate on for years that was not linked to Google properties?
A good functioning Desktop experience for Linux is impossible.

- It requires a massive centralized investment. Microsoft/Apple/Google can do that. But Linux is run by amateurs (not talking about skills but rather guys who are not on a payroll).

- Linux is for people who have rather weird setups. Apple uses limited hardware (ie: You have few Macbook Pros, etc...). Windows is supported by manufactures because it is the standard of Desktop computing for most of the world (and still can be a mess). Linux, on the other hand, has to do all that work alone.

- Linux professional and profitable market is still in servers/deployment where you don't need a desktop space.

Ah, Fuchsia... another of Google's solutions looking for a problem.

I remember hearing about it and immediately asking "what is the market for this?" and not being satisfied with the answer.

On the one side you have Samsung, who are unhappy enough with their dependence on Google that they'll not likely eat the cost of moving from Android to something else that has no strategic benefit to them (as far as I could tell, anyway).

So what does that leave? Google making its own devices. I don't know this to be the case but I strongly suspect the intent was for the Pixel line was (and may still be?) intended to be the spark for Google being a vertically integrated first-party seller of mobile devices. What I mean is these aren't just proof-of-concept or developer devices.

The problem there is by doing that they'll hurt their relationships with Android OEMs and it'd take a long time to fill that void, if that's even possible.

So where else? The obvious answer is... Chromecast. This is a hardware product Google has had a good amount of success with. It's already first-party.

A recently leaked report [1] seems to indicate that the next Chromecast will be Android TV. That is (IMHO) bad news for Fuchsia.

You have to also take into account that during the time Fuchsia has been around (which must be 4+ years by now?) there's been a change at the top with Sundar replacing Larry. That's always a dangerous time for high-profile and high-cost (literally $billions) projects with no customers. Sundar came from Chrome. Fuchsia didn't. You have to ask questions about who was the original (SVP+) cheerleader who got it off the ground and funded it? Was larry on board? Is Sundar/ Does that sponsor enjoy the same support under Sundar that they did under Larry?

I don't know the answer to these questions, just that they matter. marissa Mayer's departure from Google was largely a product of a change at the top as she enjoyed Eric's favour but all signs pointed to Larry not being as big as a fan.

Fuchsia probably should've been called Graphene. Graphene can do everything but leave the lab, after all.

[1]: https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/06/googles-leaked-tv-do...

Bloomberg, 2018:

> One person who has spoken to Fuchsia staff described the effort simply: "It’s a senior-engineer retention project."

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-19/google-te...

Fuchsia’s greatest value is letting senior devs solve fun puzzles without the burden of shipping anything customers want.

I don't know if this is Google's intention, but I could certainly see Fuchsia being used for IoT devices.

IoT devices have a big problem with software updates. The people who make them are primarily interested in selling hardware, not supporting it for the many years it will probably be in your home. (You might replace a smartphone every two years, but how often do you replace a light switch or thermostat?)

Google says Fuchsia is built to be easy to update. Different components are able to be upgraded independently. There is a stable binary API for drivers.

Imagine a world where IoT devices are built to some Fuchsia-based standard which allows them to continue to be updated even when the manufacturer inevitably abandons the devices and their users. You could get more out of the devices, and you could worry less about security.

It wouldn't solve 100% of the problem, though, because there would always be some device-specific code, including device drivers and any software that enables unique capabilities of the device.

What was the market for Linux when it came out ? The thing was a copy of an existing OS, made by a guy in his spare time.

What was the market for php when it came out ? It was just a few helpers to write web pages, simpler to use than perl that already existed at the time

What was the market for go when it came out ? Yes, it did have a few modern things built-in, but there were already tons of widely deployed languages.

And yet here we are. I don't need to tell you how successful each of those is today. I don't mean to say that Fuchsia will definitely be useful or deployed in any large fashion; just that "there is no market" is not a valid counterpoint to the development of a new project.

> On the one side you have Samsung, who are unhappy enough with their dependence on Google that they'll not likely eat the cost of moving from Android to something else...

Strange argument. Maybe they will move all their devices to their own superior OS Tizen. Or maybe they tried and it did not turn out very well.

So whichever side Samsung is it does not affect Google. There are many phone makers not that many phone OS makes. And with chinese manufacturers already pounding them they have no leverage on Google.

The market is enforcing DRM at the operating system level. Look it up in the documentation, search "DRM".
This debate about monolithic vs. micro-kernels has been had many times. Maybe this time the resolution is different, who knows. But FWIW Linux didn't reach its success because someone made a feature comparison between it and what else was out there in a spreadsheet and somehow discovered how Linux was so much better. Instead, Linux won (and continues to win) because it's the Rocky Balboa of operating systems. It may loose the first round, but it always come back. And the reason for that is that Linux's biggest feature isn't necessarily technical. Rather, it's the community of people around it, the fact that it can tolerate a healthy dose of disagreement and infighting before eventually finding and settling on whatever best solution solves the next immediate problem, not some far-into-future idealistic goal. The downside to that development model is that radical changes take several iterations/years while in a centrally-managed OS development model can be shoved in "atomically" -- ex: real-time, tracing, etc. You can devise many a great OSes on paper and even implement them. Bootstrapping an entire ecosystem and, effectively, institutionalize a completely open and nimble development model such as that of the Linux kernel is a whole other story.
Didn't see the article address power management in the context of things that might be running idle in the background. That would seem to be to be a major incentive for an OS that's going be used on mobile, which needs to respond to changes in environment on the move (changing WLAN, network, beacons etc.)

Blackberry's QNX ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QNX ) is a microkernel architecture and was designed with this in mind - https://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/6.3.0SP3/neutrino/sys_ar... ...

> Traditional power management (PM) is aimed at conserving the power of computers that are usually left on. The general-purpose approach to PM for desktop PCs -- or even for "mobile" PCs, such as laptops -- doesn't take into account the specific demands of embedded systems, which can be off (or on standby) much of the time, yet must respond to external events in predictable ways.

I don't know if it's inherently more efficient to implement this type of thing with a microkernel but given the iBeacons and similar effectively "failed" ( https://venturebeat.com/2018/10/27/why-android-nearby-ibeaco...) due to power and sensitivity, this could be a big enough incentive to start a new OS

I'm both very excited someone is taking a shot at trying something new on kernel side. But i can't help wonder about what would a future look like where 90% of hardware run on a Google-owned operating system.
It seems such a waste to spend all the effort to write a whole new OS and all these drivers with the same old buffer overflow bugs we've been fighting since the dawn of time. It doesn't have to be this way anymore!
Ex BeOS developers are the core team behind Fuchsia (Travis Geiselbrecht and Brian Swetland). Travis wrote NewOS which was adapted to be the Haiku kernel (and Travis still hangs around the Haiku IRC channels every now and then). I wouldn't be suprised to see Haiku R2 transition to Fuchsia kernel since they share the same DNA.
The technical reasons for Fuchsia to exist are debatable. The real reason it exists is because Linux is GPL.
I thought it was going to be some boring material UI screenshots, but this is so much more interesting! Susceptible to the usual C bugs, albeit with minor impact. I thought they were switching most of the kernel and drivers to Rust, for some reason.

Edit: not a Rust fanboy by any means, hell, I've never even opened a Rust file.

A couple of years ago it was believed that Fuchsia would replace Android and ChromeOS. Then, IIRC, it was said in a Google IO that it was just some sort of experiment to test new OS ideas.

What do you think is Google's masterplan for Fuchsia?

I can't get fuchsia to work anymore on my Acer device. It used to work just 10 days ago, hopefully gonna fixed soon :) - https://ci.chromium.org/p/fuchsia/builders/global.ci/worksta...?

(e.g. I'm compiling for --release workstation.x64 --with-base ... the kitchen-sink)

I would love to see an interactive map of Zircon, similar to the one of the (older) Linux kernel - https://makelinux.github.io/kernel/map/
I fully welcome some more competiton on the operating system front.

I am sad to see WindowsNT, Linux and macOS be the only dominant operating systems.

My personal very perhaps unpopular view is that Windows NT has a better technial implentation than Linux.

Linux does most things well, form small devices to big iron. That is true now.

But when it started, it was as a learning experiment, and damn good one too. An amazing achievement. A lot of work my haorsd of people have since built on top of it, replaced things, epanded things, hardening things, adding drivers, etc. And it has come a long way, but to me as an operating system, technically it is not that inspiring.

I wish we had maybe 10 competitve opearing systems, some brand new off the presses.

I have run Linux in one form or another since the first Yggdrasil release at the end of 1992. (not very early).

It was amazing. Running it on my PC at home and it was faster than the terminals at school (well all shared a few servers so always a lot going on, I am sure if you had it all to yourself it would be faster. I guess that is why some people spent the nights there is they had demanding tasks to run, but htye were not a priority to get access to the better, newer and a lot more dedicated hardware. (It was a complicated process).

I could do 90% of what was needed at home, woot.

I was very happy when I get my paws on the first WindowsNT release back in 1994 I think. I had preordered it.

I cold not wait to install it.

processor-independent, multiprocessing and multi-user operating system the end of 1992.

After having suffered through the pain that was Widows that had a kinda sorts maybe a little multitasking. Finally an improvement. OF course, a lot of my software refused to run on it, or it refused to run it

The first Mac I had with macOS was also very cool, since then OpenBSD, I had NextStep when they released it for Intel. Very cool.

Anyways I have been waiting since to get a new operating system that levels up the game, as much as WindowsNT did for Windows 3.11, 95, 98, me.

I have not yet had that privilege.

I had good hopes for Plan9, QNX, a reimplementation fo BeOS that is still ongoing. (I might have the wrong name on that one. I remember a demo I had at the university of a BeBox with the BeOs and how well it multitasked what backed then seemed like very CPU intensive graphics manipulation while playing a video and some other stuff -at the time-... I never got a BeBox and havent run its OS)

There have been, and are some solid research OSs but they have never made it out into the real world.

WindowsNT, Linux and macOS cannot be all we are given. What replaces them?

Where is WindowsNTNT.

Will it take quantum computers to become the norm before we get it? Maybe Linux already runs on that too.

(if quantum computers ever become viable or even a good fit for everyday boring computer stuff).

Give me a new operating system, written from scratch, to implement every secure feature it should have, harden it, eliminate even the possibility of buffer overflows and assorted tasks, or create them so that the elements that are exposed can fail gracefully and non-destructbily and not leak data or allow inputting of data.

I forgot about Qubes OS, that is very interesting. Maybe that is it.

Assuming most (not all) vulnerabilities are C-style use after free and buffer overflows. If kernel were written in Rust these vulnerabilities would not be issues? Meaning microkernels only make sense in C world. What am I missing?
CTRL-F dart

No matches.

I wonder how many people can look past the kernel when discussing what this is and how it’s different from Android?

Would an OS like this mean really really tough DRM?
Greg Kroah-Hartman told me it's 40 times slower than Linux, at least that's what he told me 1 year ago. Wonder how that's changed...
Spooky. I predicted the double descriptor read bug before actually seeing the code. I am not an expert, and I definitely haven't written my own USB stack. Still, I wonder why the original code had this problem, given that this seems to be the classical example of how to attack a USB stack. Somehow reminds me what happened when Cisco started to ship a HTTP server with some switches. One of the first bugs was a buffer overflow on URLs longer then 255 bytes ...
C++....microkernel....reminds me of Symbian. :-)
Hmm I was looking at this expecting GUI screenshots, but interesting non-the less/beyond me my scope at this time but neat to read about.
"Fuchsia is a new operating system developed by Google"- and I'm out.