"Space exploration is an advancement in the history of civilisation. The rapid development of knowledge will surely encourage further exploration in future. No matter where a Muslim is and no matter how technology evolves, his or her religious rites remain an obligation which must be performed. The sophistication of ISS and its conditions which are different from those on Earth are not obstacles which prevent astronauts from performing their religious rites, particularly because Islam grants concessions (rukhsah) for difficult circumstances."