Jupyter Book is more flexible, simpler and tested to death since it is build upon Sphinx and docstrings. Since jupyter uses pandoc for converting notebooks, pandoc is the power tool for publication creations nowadays.
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Jupyter has downsides too, e.g. version control. An R Markdown document "in the raw" is just a text file.
For info, Rmd also uses pandoc under the covers. Agree it's the power tool, quite a wonderful thing.
I haven't use it myself but apparently jupytext (https://github.com/mwouts/jupytext) allows you to save Jupyter notebooks as R markdown files.
Jupyter Book (and the larger jupyter ecosystem now) are starting to standardize on MyST notebooks as a version-control friendly all text notebook format. It's similar to r markdown and uses fenced code blocks to represent code cells. You can diff them, edit in any text editor, etc. See: https://myst-nb.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
I'm familiar with both Rmarkdown and Jupyter Book. Rmarkdown also uses pandoc. Both are very flexible.
RMarkdown uses pandoc too, and it's on version 2.6, while Jupyter Book is pre-1.0.