The use of Ode to Joy in A Clockwork Orange is not incidental. In the original novel Alex is obsessed with classical music and Beethoven in particular. When he is subjected to the Ludovico technique it is Ode to Joy that is playing, which renders him unable to enjoy his passion any more.
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I haven’t read A Clockwork Orange, but clearly Ludovico is a reference to Ludwig van Beethoven‘s first name.
I wouldn’t say clearly, it could be a reference to Ludovico Sforza… or maybe just to the meaning of “ famous fighter “, which Ludwig also has a similar meaning.
In which case, it is a very clever reference in a way