Is there anything a browser extension can do that Tampermonkey cannot?
It's true that many extensions could "just be" Tampermonkey scripts. I'd guess they ship as standalone extensions due to a combination of: less friction to install, more discoverable, can extend with fancier features later on, and probably just inertia/ignorance from developers unaware of Tampermonkey.
While userscripts can't add items to toolbar or context menus, you can register menu commands [1] which have the added benefit of being able to be added dynamically after examining page contents. This is done using the `GM_registerMenuCommand` api [2].
[0]: https://violentmonkey.github.io/guide/keyboard-shortcuts
[1]: https://imgur.com/a/SWpOoRS
[2]: https://violentmonkey.github.io/api/gm/#gm_registermenucomma...
But yeah I have made a few extensions myself since I spend a lot of time in Chrome. If they go ahead with the anti-adblock I will have to learn Firefox's extension.
Tampermoney is an extension, so it can obviously do the same as others. But how much of this does it make accessible to the user scripts? Can you access the local file system? Other Servers? Can you modify the browser-interface itself? Context menu, toolbars, sidebar, add shortcuts, etc.? Can you save persistent data? And can you do all this at an elaborated level of quality?
Blocking ads, translating web pages, bypassing paywalls, adding features to websites (like the YouTube extension), clearing trackers, I could go on and on.