The first two are of no meaningful consequence to even a single millionaire CEO. CEO positions may actually get paid large sums of money when they leave. Those CEOs could then immediately retire to modest conditions and do nothing for the rest of their lives.
Working harder might be impactful, but considering companies have done cyclical layoffs before and are doing it again, how much confidence does saying that really garner?
So they can't take responsibility to the same magnitude of the people getting laid off - especially in the US where you lose health insurance.
It says to the middle management layer "I'm not going to blame or fire you because we had to lay people off."
I think what the author is trying to say is that the CEO should bear some cost for layoffs that were caused by mismanagement. But one person's mismanagement is another's calculated risk gone bad. A decision that turns out to be wrong in fact can be right in principle, in which case you would be punishing the CEO for doing the right thing.
The imbalance in power referred to in the article is an inextricable feature of capitalism. It cannot be removed, only countered. Theoretically, the more economic equality that there is generally, the more leverage employees will have in the marketplace. There are structural changes that can be made to core capitalism to achieve this, but trying to second guess layoff decisions is not a good solution.
It’s like getting mad at “thoughts and prayers”; it’s a stock line people use in an uncomfortable moment. Getting mad at the phrase just means the phrase changes, nothing else.