Edit: you would probably be fine just setting the governor to performance and doing so would be a good thing to do as well as the userspace governor, if you have issues on performance but not userspace that means there is something up when it switches speeds, kernel/driver issue most likely. Maybe microcode?
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Use the userspace governor and set the speed too something like 2ghz and see if the problem happens, read the manpage for cpufreq-set if you need help.
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Is there a recommended userspace governor?
There is only one, it allows you to set an explicit frequency from userspace. The cpufreq-set man will answer all your questions. Not all CPUs support userspace, cpufreq-info will list the available governors.
OK, thanks, I see it has quite a few options.
Edit: I installed and enabled laptop-mode-tools (per Manjaro Wiki) and I see the average frequency is now in the 2-4 GHz range, still on AC power. So maybe this changes things, will see.
Edit 2: Also installed thermald and started the service in case it's needed. But of course baloo just started indexing, so I'm not sure if my CPU freq is now higher by default or if it's just temporary...
Another thing which comes to mind, you can try enabling or disabling p-states, intel_pstate=enable/disable in the kernel parameters for grub. If memory serves if cpu-freqinfo gives you a list of governors that means pstates are disabled, if they are enabled you will just get two governors at most. P-states work well with some configurations and cause issues with others. Been awhile since I have had to deal with this but I have one laptop that did have issues with p-states enabled, things would run hot and I would get glitches and laptop would just crash under very heavy loads, disabling p-states solved it. My other laptop would never get to speed and was very sluggish unless p-states was enabled.
I have not had to deal with this sort of thing since I gave up rolling release distro so I do not remember the exact details.