Unless I'm misreading your comment, zsh does provide similar functionality via zsh/mapfile¹. It, and a lot of other cool stuff, is documented in zshmodules(1).
¹ https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/Zsh-Modules.html#The-...
¹ https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/Zsh-Modules.html#The-...
lines=( "${(@f)$(my_command)}" )
or lines=( "${(@f)$(<my_file)}" )
which IMO is a little less nice than using a builtin with a name like "readarray".But this is cool too.