Conditional on an individual's history (e.g. do you have diabetes, other comorbidities, etc.), I haven't found much evidence that leaving against Dr advisement matters all that much for predicting readmission.
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Part of my job I build predictive models to identify individuals at high risk of 'readmission' (it impacts billing, hence why healthcare systems are interested).
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The number in the GP is conditional on the patient being readmitted, so it's inflated by adverse selection: it doesn't include all the zeros where the patient recovered, but it does include all of the cases where something went wrong and they needed more/different treatment.
Yep, looks like classic “survivorship bias”: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivorship_bias
> I haven't found much evidence that leaving against Dr advisement matters all that much for predicting readmission
maybe cos they're dead
So although tongue-in-cheek, it is an interesting question when dealing with medical records data (in particular I deal with insurance claims data in the US).
So to be clear, I know the person is alive when discharged (there is a code for death, as well as to hospice for example, in which you don't want to look at readmission either).
So a scenario in which someone is discharged, has a follow up heart attack, goes to ER and dies I would observe. The case the person dies and does not go to the hospital though I would not observe (no follow up insurance claim).
The latter scenario certainly happens -- how often it happens and how much it would bias my estimate in this case I am not sure.