I’ve written about this at some length, but long story short: type modeling and semantic checking is intimately connected to the language semantics, so aside from very simple “look at the properties of the underlying nodes, derive properties of the current node”, it is hard to present any generic approach. In fact, there are many possible way to approach modeling types even with the exact same semantics, leading to different trade offs (just compare different C compilers and you’ll see!).

So this is actually harder to do that it might seem. The best advice I have is to contribute to a compiler or two and understand their semantic checking model.