The different colors of bubbles are a consequence of iMessage's origin as a protocol that supplanted SMS/MMS messaging while allowing the older protocols as seamless fallbacks; WhatsApp, Signal et al never had a requirement like that, and consequently never had to deal with different feature sets among their users (at least, not to the same extent).
See TextSecure
If even one non-iOS user joins a chat then all features except for basic texting (SMS and MMS) are dropped.
I don't think I need to tell you how much of todays' social interaction happens in group chats. Not having WhatsApp in the Netherlands when you're younger than 30 would effectively make you a hermit.
It's probably similar with iMessage in the US.
This creates an enormous peer pressure effect, especially for young people, to buy an iOS device.