If you try to be feeless you become super vulnerable to spam:
https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2021/03/11/nanos-network-flood...
IIRC this spam attack cost the attacker only $5000 but rendered the network pretty much useless for hours
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Hashcash, Bitcoin’s predecessor, was created to solve email spam:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashcash
Having users to pay actions make spam unprofitable, as spam relies on tragedy of commons and abusing public goods. This is why there is so much less SMS spam compared to email spam.
Nano's updated a few times since then, I don't think there were any other major spam attacks after that.