[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibitory_traffic_sign#No_mo...
These number are limits on a continuous domain, where inclusion or exclusion of the limit number itself is basically meaningless. The list of vehicles is a set (without necessarily a clear order) which has fundamentally different properties so it's not surprising the meaning is slightly different. You couldn't have a sign that forbids pedestrians and cars but allows motor vehicles otherwise.
The rules are simply that when a red on white sign displays anything other than a number (with or without a slash) it means this thing is forbidden. If it's a number it means a high limit.
If you want to be picky, the "you must" signs generally had a narrower red ring than the "you must not" ones, but even that rule is not always adhered to on the linked page.
Fun fact: the German Empire had an additional convention that if the symbol (e.g. a motor car) was shown in outline instead of filled in, then the prohibition only applied on Sundays.
EDIT: looking at https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Diagrams_of_hi..., the 1927 German sign for "parking _allowed_" was a black P on a white background with a red circle; the prohibition sign contained the text "Parken verboten" (parking forbidden). So I can see why the German delegate might have objected to making the new "no parking" sign their old "yes you can park here" sign!
https://images.fineartamerica.com/images/artworkimages/mediu...