What did they do prior to 1984?
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They did Chevron. Chevron was brought as a challenge to what was happening. The Chevron court basically said, "keep doing what you are doing. We are OK with it." Post-Chevron there was just a name and a more codified description of the past approach.
Everyone deferred to the agencies. The 1984 ruling was one of the first where Chevron challenged an agency's authority.
> Everyone deferred to the agencies.
Delegating goes back to about 1825, and deferring ambiguities to the Executive has precedents to the 1920/30s:
* https://constitution.findlaw.com/article1/annotation03.html