It's similar in effect to what busybox does to shell utilities, though the motives are different.
- HyperLogLog, bloom filter, other probabilistic data structures
- Geospatial operations on stored points and polygons
- Expiring keys, for creating caches
These aren't in most standard libraries, and the Redis implementations tend to be fast, robust and well understood.
Every language you can talk to redis most likely has a library to do that, and it probably works much better with the rest of application than "embedded redis". If it doesn't, it probably has C-FFI and there is "fast, robust and well understood" implementations in C.
(I'm not personally sold on embedded Redis myself, but the question was "Aren’t your own programming language’s constructs much more well-defined / understood?")
What are these mystical random libraries you're talking about? There is a solid C implementation of every data structure on this planet.
I went looking and the pure C ones all appeared to be untouched in 10+ years - https://github.com/ivitjuk/libhll and https://github.com/avz/hll for example.
Why does it need to be pure C? There are C++ implementations. It's an algorithm not a social media app, it doesn't need to be updated once a week, C also not node.js - it doesn't break compatibility every release. What is wrong with these 10+ years touched ones?
Even the redis version of HLL isn't updated all that often.