Even this is more complex than many websites need to be. A few months ago I wrote about why I often create pages in pure html and css.
https://joeldare.com/why-im-writing-pure-html-and-css-in-202...
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Regarding small pages - there's a certain size threshold where the entire HTTP response is sent back in the first TCP window for most client OSes, which allows minimum round-trips.
Yes. You might be talking about the 14Kb problem.
That post is so abbreviated as to be wrong in a few places (for instance, it's not that your "HTML" needs to be under 14kB, the packet, incl. headers needs to be). Fuller link: https://www.tunetheweb.com/blog/critical-resources-and-the-f...
It's not worth chasing except for personal curiosity and some truly extreme cases.
The response needs to be. The response can span several packets, up to the maximum receive window chosen by the client's OS.