Since a .deb, shouldn't this be installed into /usr rather than /opt?
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No, why? It should be installed in /usr and so on if it conforms to debians packaging guidelines, otherwise it should stay in /opt.
Good point. I guess random apps might, for example, put their binaries outside bin, or their docs outside of share/docs/myapp
No, as a non distro-official package it should install into its own prefix in /opt.
According to https://wiki.debian.org/FilesystemHierarchyStandard /opt is for "Pre-compiled, non '.deb' binary distributions", and then using the standard bin/ share/ .. subdirectories. The "own prefix" convention is for RH variants IIRC
These aren't "proper" debs though -- they're not provided by the distribution, don't use the standard build tools, and so on. The closest analogy I can think of is the new packages you get from the paid portion of the Ubuntu App Store (ie, not universe), and those indeed conform to the /opt/vendor standard (with a few exceptions for things like a .desktop file).