People are lamenting the ill-directed use of capital to build all this stuff, but maybe that becomes one day a valuable by-product.
But think of the network equipment--how many advancements in the Ethernet, TCP, and UDP that we all know and love have been partially funded or prompted by people willing to pay to ride the bleeding edge? Several years ago, UDP multicast in Linux suffered a very serious performance regression. Who pushed to get it fixed? An HFT firm. Now everyone has well-performing UDP multicast in Linux.
Or how about Arista Networks? Back when they were called Arastra they got their start largely by selling US $25K switches to HFT folks. Now they're selling for "the cloud," and lots of people can benefit from higher performance networking.
Anything related to wireless modulation/demodulation also has implications for 5G networks and satellite broadcasting (most of 'delay' of satellite video signal actually is from encoding/decoding buffering, and is reducible).