It would be interesting to look at the places where sharing has been very effective (Wikipedia, linux, open source software in general, etc.) and see if we can learn anything from them about structuring things in such a way to facilitate sharing. I guess it's mainly an issue of aligning incentives... people who keep more to themselves are more likely to look intelligent and be promoted/acknowledge by their bosses (or they think that's what will happen at least).
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I wouldn't call those places where sharing has been very effective. A certain level of knowledge is shared due to it's nature: open source, sometimes remote, sometimes volunteer run. But beyond that, domain experts who do not share their knowledge publicly or very freely are just as common as anywhere else.