> Originally I tried it in JavaScript, but iOS strips lat and lon info from photos when they're picked with a file input field.
Yes, that is how far I got. Good you went a step further.
I think there are options for expanding: because a photo is easier to share then a location plus it tells a lot about the location itself. Better then some numbers of shortened url.
Combined with compass navigation the user does not need internet (Apple, Google maps) to still be able to navigate to a location.
And why share just one photo ? Share a collection: interesting buildings in a city, or the best places with cakes (based on just the pictures of those cakes :-).
I still think a concept to think about more. Please continue.