As presented by 2 excerpts below:
"This is not to say that Groening attempts to hide behind the “acting under orders” defense. He does not present himself as a mindless automaton who would have followed any command given to him."
"Additionally, he felt he was—using the words of the infamous Nazi post-war defense—acting under orders, and he attempts to defend himself with this analogy: “The first time a company of soldiers gets a volley of machine gun fire they don’t all get up and say, ‘We don’t agree with this—we’re going home.’”
A little clarification would be nice.
- Ordinary Men by Christopher Browning
- Into that Darkness by Gitta Sereny
Into that Darkness is the most depressing book I've ever read. It is essentially an interview with Franz Stangl, one of the commandants of the Treblinka camp which, if it's possible to believe, was far worse than Auschwitz. He was an ordinary guy who simply went where things took him, ultimately into a place I can't imagine existing.
Arad denies emphatically that Treblinka could have possibly been a transit camp and says "all that arrived were killed within 15 minutes", but he has not commented on the testimonies from Shoah Foundation's own tapes who describe stopping at Treblinka for a few days on their way East.
This is a complicated field of study made all the more touchy by the fact it is easily politicized so I'd be interested only if you have comments on how to coalesce these two realities (extermination vs transit camp) in the face of the evidence. We can avoid inflammatory discussion.
Video zlFCvQttOv8 on Youtube has the video testimonies. I won't link to it here due to its inflammatory title.
Treblinka I was a forced work camp. They had transit stops, and people came in and out of here. That's what most stories about it being a transit camp are.
Treblinka II was probably the largest extermination camp in terms of "output". 700,000--900,000 Jews were killed in its gas chambers and around 2,000 Romani people.
There were so many corpses they had to exhume their mass graves and burn bodies on pyres. In 2010 there were 3 previously unknown mass graves discovered.
That there was a duality is not unknown, that it was an extermination camp is not controversial. The evidence is clear.
There were two "Treblinkas", and both of them changed over time.
How can we consider it an extermination camp? Due to the 800,000 bodies that were exhumed, and the testimony of the gas-chamber murderers.
That body of evidence should outweigh the survivorship bias of those few who were in-fact transited through it at specific times.
Can everyone have quietly watched children brained against the side of a truck and not thought "oh, I have a loaded gun!"
Or is complicity a terribly strong bond?
Most of the men directly involved in these acts were alcoholics as a result of their experiences. Many were also sent, late in the war, to places that had very high casualty rates (eastern front, partisan suppression in Italy) so that a large number were killed before the end of the war.
Edit: I don’t mean to compare to make equal. Of course, we should understand the different situations that led to putting innocent people into camps and learn individual lessons.
We have plenty of for profit prisons in the US, and we have had judges go to jail for accepting bribes from these prisons to send more people to jail.
While a jail isn't as evil as a death camp, I think you could definitely argue the conditions in many American jails are horrible, and you are basically will never be able to fit into society afterwards.